Product Code Database
Goat milk is the milk of . Goats produce about 2% of the world's total annual milk supply.FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy. Some goats are bred specifically for milk. Goat milk naturally has small, well-emulsified fat globules, which means the cream remains in suspension for a longer period of time than Milk; therefore, it does not need to be homogenized. Eventually, the cream rises to the top over a period of a few days. If the milk is to be used to make cheese, homogenization is not recommended, as this changes the structure of the milk, affecting the culture's ability to coagulate the milk as well as the final quality and yield of cheese.Amrein-Boyes, D. (2009). 200 Easy Homemade Cheese Recipes. Robert Rose Inc.: Toronto
Dairy goats in their prime (generally around the third or fourth lactation cycle) average——(or )—of milk production daily—roughly during a ten-month lactation. Goats produce more after freshening and gradually drop production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3.5% butterfat. American Dairy Goat Association, adga.org
Goat cheese is known as fromage de chèvre () in France. Some varieties include Rocamadour and Montrachet. Chèvre cheese , foodnetwork.com Goat butter is white because goats produce milk with the yellow beta-carotene converted to a colorless form of vitamin A. Goat milk has less cholesterol.
Some researchers and companies producing goat's milk products have made claims that goat's milk is better for human health than most Western cow's milk due to it mostly lacking a form of β-casein proteins called A1, and instead mostly containing the A2 form, which does not metabolize to Casomorphin in the body.
| + Basic composition of various milks (mean values per 100 g)Park, W.Y., G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. 2006. Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals. Blackwell Publishing. ! Constituent ! Doe (goat) ! Cow ! Human |
| + Milk composition analysis, per 100 grams (Citing McCane, Widdowson, Scherz, Kloos, International Laboratory Services.) | |||||
| Water | g | 87.8 | 88.9 | 83.0 | 81.1 |
| Protein | g | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 4.5 |
| Fat | g | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
| Carbohydrates | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Energy | kcal | 66 | 60 | 95 | 110 |
| Energy | kJ | 275 | 253 | 396 | 463 |
| Sugars (lactose) | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| Cholesterol | mg | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 |
| Calcium | IU | 120 | 100 | 170 | 195 |
| Saturated fatty acids | g | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | g | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | g | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
These compositions vary by breed (especially in the Nigerian Dwarf breed), animal, and point in the lactation period.
Like unmodified cow's milk, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) discourages feeding infants unmodified goat's milk. An April 2010 case report describes an infant fed raw goat milk and summarizes AAP's recommendation and presents "a comprehensive review of the consequences associated with this dangerous practice." They also voiced, "Many infants are exclusively fed unmodified goat's milk as a result of cultural beliefs as well as exposure to false online information. Anecdotal reports have described a host of morbidities associated with that practice, including severe electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, megaloblastic anemia, Allergy including life-threatening anaphylactic shock, hemolytic–uremic syndrome, and infections." Untreated caprine brucellosis results in a 2% case fatality rate. According to the USDA, doe milk is not recommended for human infants because it contains "inadequate quantities of iron, folate, vitamin C and vitamin D, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, and pantothenic acid. Doe milk would not meet an infant's nutritional needs" and may cause harm to an infant's Kidney and could cause metabolic damage.
According to the Canadian federal health department Health Canada, most of the dangers of, and counter-indications for, feeding unmodified goat's milk to infants parallel those associated with unmodified cow's milk — especially insofar as allergic reactions go.[4]
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recognizes that goat infant formula has been thoroughly reviewed and supports normal growth and development in infants.
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